ABSTRACT Coffee is one of the most important Brazilian agricultural commodities exported, and Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo States are the main coffee producers. Scale insects are important coffee pests, and 73 species of Cerococcidae (3), Coccidae (18), Diaspididae (6), Eriococcidae (1), Ortheziidae (3), Pseudococcidae (21), Putoidae (2) and Rhizoecidae (19) have been associated with roots, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits of Arabica coffee in the Neotropics. Eight species were found associated with Arabica coffee in Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo States in this study, and Coccidae was the most frequent family. Coccus alpinus, Cc. celatus, Cc. lizeri, Cc. viridis, and Saissetia coffeae (Coccidae) were found in both states; Alecanochiton marquesi, Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Diaspididae), and Dysmicoccus texensis (Pseudococcidae) were only found in Minas Gerais. Alecanochiton marquesi and P. trilobitiformis are first reported in Minas Gerais, and Cc. alpinus in Espírito Santo, on Arabica coffee. All scale insect species were associated with coffee leaves and branches, except D. texensis, associated with coffee roots. Fourty seven scale insect species have been found occurring in Brazilian Arabica coffee, and in Espírito Santo (28) and Minas Gerais (23). Widespread and geographical distribution of each species found are discussed.

Foram estudados, sob a ótica de seus fluxos energéticos, três sistemas de cultivo de café arábica no Estado do Espírito Santo: a - cultivo convencional (CC); b - cultivo com as boas práticas agrícolas (BPA), e c – cultivo orgânico (CO). A análise foi realizada para comparar os fluxos energéticos envolvidos nos sistemas de produção, a fim de apresentar os níveis de sustentabilidade de cada sistema, com base em dados médios obtidos em diversas unidades de produção de base familiar. Os indicadores analisados foram: Produtividade, Eficiência Energética Total Invertida (ETI), Eficiência Energética Café Maduro (ECC) e Eficiência Energia não Renovável (ENR). O sistema de CO apresentou valores para ETI, ECC e ENR de 3,3; 4,7 e 7,9, respectivamente. O sistema de CC apresentou valores para ETI, ECC e ENR de 1,8; 1,9 e 1,6; respectivamente. O sistema de BPA apresentou valores para ETI, ECC e ENR de 0,7; 1,3 e 1,4; respectivamente. A maior produtividade ocorreu no sistema de BPA, com 1794 kg ha-1(17.455 MJ); no entanto, o referido consome mais energia do que converte. Do ponto de vista energético, o sistema de CO é o mais sustentável.

Three growing systems of Arabica coffee were evaluated under the energy perspective, in the state of Espírito Santo in Brazil. The systems are conventional cultivation (CC), cultivation with good agricultural practices (CGP) and organic farming (OF). It was made a comparison of the energy flows within these three systems to show sustainable levels of each one based on production average data of several family-farming units. Therefore, we analyzed crop yield, total energy efficiency reverse (TEER), energy efficiency of ripe coffee (EERC) and non-renewable energy efficiency (NREE). OF system had values for TEER, EERC and NREE of 3.3 4.7 and 7.9 respectively. Yet CC showed values of 1.8, 1.9 and 1.6 for TEER, EERC and NREE respectively. Furthermore, CGP presented values for TEER, EERC and NREE of 0.7, 1.3 and 1.4 respectively. The highest yield was observed in CGP, reaching an amount of 1794 kg ha-1(17,455 MJ); however, this system expends more energy than it converts. Thus, over those points, OF is the most sustainable system.

Defoliator caterpillars were collected in plantations of avocado in several areas Venda Nova do Imigrante, state of "Espírito Santo", Brazil. These caterpillars were sent to the laboratory of Entomology of the Agricultural Center of the Federal University of "Espírito Santo", in Alegre, of Espírito Santo, Brazil where they were reared until adult stage. Adults obtained were identified as belonging to the family Geometrid, subfamily Ennominae, species Nipteria panacea Thierry-Mieg, 1892, which was not yet reported as pest of any crop in Brazil.